Novel vs. Book free essay sample

This year we had the chance to read Everything is Illuminated by Jonathan Safran Foer, and we also watched the film adaptation directed by Liev Schreiber. Being able to see the two settings helps out to compare the two, see the differences between the novel and the movie. It is very important to mention that the movie definitely changed the perspective of the story we initially read due to the adaptations that were done by Schreiber. Even though, we did not read the whole book in class, a few differences can be brought out from what we read and saw regarding to this novel and movie. Everything is Illuminated is a novel written by Jonathan Safran Foer. This book was published in 2002, and due to its success, Liev Schreiber decided to adapt and direct the film with the same name, which was released in 2005. The movie starred Elijah Wood, Eugene Hutz, and Boris Leskin. We will write a custom essay sample on Novel vs. Book or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The movie and the book varied greatly with the differences, and especially the adaptations changed the end of the movie completely. The settings of the book and the movie are completely different. The book is a set of letters written by both Alex and Jonathan, while the movie is focused in the dialogue they have in their adventure through Trachimbrod trying to find Augustine. In the movie, they did not explore Trachimbrod as much as they did in the book. The same characters that are in the book appear in the movie but there are a couple of losses when it comes to the characters personalities. The very first difference that can be seen is that in the book Jonathan is a writer looking for the woman who saved his grandfather, while in the movie he is actually a collector with the same mission. It is understandable that this change was done because the viewers would not have read any of the thoughts of his thoughts, and they rather used some sort of symbolization about how every single thing he collects have a especial meaning to him. Another thing that has been lost in the film adaptation is the growth in Alex’s character. In the book, we read an Alex who transforms from this funny immature broken-English speaking Ukrainian to a more considerate and mature young man, who even stands up to his abusive dad. It is a great loss character because this growth is one of the most important things that are appreciated in the book. It is a shame that it was not part of the movie because it would have been nice to how he transform from a kid to young man. Alex is not the only one who grows a character though; Grandfather does too. When t comes to Grandfather, it is when we face the biggest changes between the book and the film. In the book, Grandfather is a man who abhors Jewish people and even gave up his Jewish best friend to the Nazis in order to save his family. He even feels bad after, for saving the life of whom now abuses his own children, causing them trouble and those â€Å"bruises†. In the movie, Grandfather is a Jewish man who escaped death by the hands of the Nazis and lived the rest of his liv e in Ukraine pretending not to be Jewish. Also, the death of Grandfather was totally unexpected. Right after they met Lista, he committed suicide. Things should have been different when it comes to his growth as a character too. In the movie, the essence of Grandfather being a good person and feeling sorry is lost. It is bothersome to see how the movie differed greatly from the book, especially because the movie ends in the concept of a united family, and Jonathan Safran Foer did not write that at all. He emphasized Alex’s growth and showed how he stood up against his dad, who abused him and Little Igor. Alex became the figure of power and the one his brother will look up to. The fact that the movie did not capture that it is a great flaw from their part. Both Jonathan Safran Foer and Liev Schreiber did a good job; each of them portrayed something different with their piece of work. The movie is greatly criticized by the differences from the book but Schreiber had the courage to change things up a little and see it turned out. Liev Schreiber and Jonathan Safran Foer, both emphasized history as the theme of the plot and it worked perfectly as almost the only similarity the novel and the film adaptation had.

The Rule of Law essays

The Rule of Law essays The rule of law, although popularised by Dicey was not invented by him. Prior and Post Dicey, different theorists had considered it, namely, Von Hayek, Socrates, Raz and E.P Thompson. In 1885, A.V Diceys book supported the theory of the English constitution as opposed to the written constitutions of other countries. However, there have been schools of thought that Diceys ideas are now outdated but recently, especially with the senior members of the judiciary, they have come back into favour. It is common knowledge that Britains constitution is an unwritten one as it is not contained in one document and much of it has no legal status. The Diceyan argument was that not only was this irrelevant, but it was in fact of beneficial advantage. Dicey summarised the concept of he rule of law under three headings. Primarily, the principle concerned the rule of law and discretionary powers. Dicey believed that regular law was absolutely predominant over abritary and wide discretionary powers. That is all government actions must be authorised by the law. No person could be punished or interfered with by the authorities unless the law authorised it. This concept was in direct contrast with the situation in England, where there were no rules. The government could do as it pleased and there would be no legal controls over its activities. Example would be lack of trial before punishment. Entick v Carrington illuminates the concept that, the governments should not possess wide discretionary powers. In this case, the courts declared that the secretary of state could not order the search of Enticks house, because there was no law that authorised such searches. The court rejected the arguments of state necessity or that there was one law for government activities and another for ordinary people. This judgement was in accord with the rule of law. However, the more recent case of Malone v Metropolitan Police Commiss ...

Foreign Exchange Market Intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Foreign Exchange Market Intervention - Essay Example Author also note, though, an obvious experiential puzzle concerning the secrecy of much intervention and propose an additional way in which intervention may be effectual but which has so far conventional little concentration in the literature, namely from side to side its role in remedying a harmonization failure in the foreign exchange market (Adams, Donald and Dale W., 2003). In this research author assess the development made by the profession in understanding whether and how exchange rate intervention works. To this ending, author appraisal the theory and confirmation on official intervention, absorbed primarily on work published surrounded by the last decade or so. According to the expert analysis this reading of the latest literature leads us to terminate that, in difference by the profession's consensus view of the 1980s, official intervention can be effectual, particularly through its role as a signal of policy intentions, and particularly when it is publicly make known and concentrated. Author also note, though, an evident empirical puzzle relating to the secrecy of much intervention and put forward an supplementary way in which intervention may be effectual but which has so far conventional little notice in the literature, namely from side to side its role in remedying a harmonization breakdown in the foreign exchange market (Agnor, 2004, pp. 1-1 6). Accor... Whether or not official exchange rate intervention is effective in authority exchange rates, and the means by which it does so, are issues of critical policy significance, and they have been the subject of a enormous academic and policy-related literature. Given the policy significance of official intervention, it is perhaps not astonishing that this literature has been the venue for a considerable and ongoing economic argument. Insofar as a consensus is perceptible betauthoren economists and policy makers relating to the efficiency and attractiveness of exchange rate intervention, it come into view to have shifted quite a few times over the past quarter of a century (Agnor, 2002, pp. 357-94). At the time of the fall down of the Bretton Woods adaptable peg exchange rate system in the early 1970s, when the poauthorrlessness of the authorities to hold the parities in the face of enormous tentative attacks had it seems that been demonstrated only too authorll, the profession appeared poauthorrfully to favor a pure float, connecting zero intervention. The 1970s experience with floating exchange rates among the main industrialized countries, and the ensuing instability of both nominal and real exchange rates, though, led to a shift in this agreement so that, by the late 1970s, equally economists and policy makers chiefly of countries which had undergo a considerable loss in competitiveness often criticized the U.S. authorities for not which capital could move among urbanized countries, the prevailing consensus betauthoren economists, policy makers and foreign exchange market practitioners throughout the early 1980s come into view to

The Obligation to defend South Vietnam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Obligation to defend South Vietnam - Essay Example They could not just ignore â€Å"the long-suffering people of South Vietnam† (Westmoreland 1). In addition, the power of North Vietnamese military was stronger than that of South Vietnamese military when North Vietnamese were attacking South Vietnamese unjustly. According to Johnson (1), the war was characterized as unparalleled brutality. The simple farmers were one of the kidnapping and assassination targets. The children and their mothers were killed in the middle of the night since their fathers and husbands were loyal and obedient to the state. Consequently, the villages were always affected by attacks and raids that were majorly conducted in terror strikes and towns. North Vietnamese, Viet-Cong, attacked villages and killed not only soldiers but also civilians. Viet-Cong killed women and children. â€Å"In 1857 they reverted to terror, both indiscriminate and selective, with the assassination of teachers and local leaders. This terror rate went up every year† (Westmoreland 1). The Americans thought they should help Vietnamese to make order. The purpose of the U.S. was not only just to fight against Communism, but also to defend South Vietnamese from brutal attack of North Vietnamese. The reason why the U.S. had to be involved is that Americans and other democratic countries feared the spread of Communism because it possibly would threaten the democracy in the world. Eventually, it will threaten the freedom in the U.S. also. Therefore, Americans were committed to stopping it. In his April 7, 1965 speech, President Johnson addresses this growing problem: "Over this war-and Asia- is another reality: the deepening shadow of Communist China† (Johnson 1). Americans and people of other Democratic countries were afraid of the power of China; Americans thought unless they help Asian countries to escape from the danger of Communism, China would threaten and "dominate all southeast Asia† (Johnson 2). It was not only a problem

Ad Proposal for Apple 2014 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ad Proposal for Apple 2014 - Research Paper Example He was awarded the Lange-Tailor Prize in 2009, and best Magazine Writing from the Society for Professional Journalists (Christian Parenti.com). Parenti’s book â€Å"the tropic of chaos† is the result of his immense research and hard work. It took him six long years to produce this outstanding work of art. Parenti travelled to various slums, countries that were at war and countries that were affected with scarcity of food and water shortages. In the book â€Å"Tropic of chaos,† the writer shows his concern of how climate change results in ruining our ecological civilization. The author discusses the region, which lie between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Parenti’s focus is on East Africa, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Kenya, Kyrgystan, Brazil, Mexico. These regions according to him are: â€Å"a belt of economically and politically battered post-colonial states girding the planet’s mid-lattitudes†(Parenti, 9). He labels thes e countries as â€Å"Tropic of chaos† because these countries are facing what he calls a â€Å"Catastrophic convergence of poverty, violence and climate change† (Parenti, 5), which means that climate change is not only causing water and food scarcity but also giving birth to violence in the regions. According to the writer, these countries are too sensitive to shifts in weather changes because they rely on farming and fishing. The writer explains how that the Global North has reacted to this impending crisis with greater oppression and surveillance instead of finding friendly ways to reduce tensions. In short, between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn, we mostly find â€Å"most of the failed and semi failed states of the developing world.† (Parenti, 9). Hence, the crisis is taking a toll because the Global South is getting involved in warfare to attain there basic needs. The author begins his narrative by asking, â€Å"who is responsible for killing Ekaru Loruman?† Ekaru Loruman was from Kenya, belonged to a Turkana tribe, and was killed by a rival tribe for stealing cattle, or what the author explains as â€Å"the age old tradition of stock theft† (Democracy now). Moreover, the reason for these frequent killings is that the country is experiencing severe drought and the Turkana Pastoralists are forced to stealing cattle because their animals die due to scarcity of water, so they have to take laws in their own hands, as there are no proper government rules regarding this issue. Here, the author is pointing to an important issue of how the ugly U.S. policies have given rise to everyday violence in these countries. Moreover, the answer to all Parenti’s questions can be answered only if we go back in time when the British rules Africa. History tells us that British during their rule have adopted harsh methods to stop violence. Since that time the violence has never stopped. He gives examples of countries like S omalia, a failed state, which was attacked and demolished by Cold war. After the downfall of the Somalian government, the weapons were transferred to Kenya which resulted in more violence and killings in the form of cattle raids. Moreover, as Kenya does not run any support programs for farmers, this has given rise to more corruption because the farmers have only weapons to defend and protect themselves. The worst part is that when the Somalian refugees reach Kenya, most of the women are being raped and tortured and the sad part is that it is usually the brother who is ordered to rape her sister and if he denies he gets killed. In addition, when the refugees cross the border and reach Kenya they are unable to make a living because Kenyan government is unable to support millions of Somalians who are living in camps. Pakistan is

Nestle Company Analysis Competition, Growth and SWOT

Nestle Company Analysis Competition, Growth and SWOT Company history and background In 1867, there was a rapid rise in infant mortality by the reason that the babies were unable to feed from their mothers. Therefore, Henri Nestlà © a German man developed a type of milk which based on food for the newborn child. In five years later, his products were being sold around the world as a suitable food for all ages. With the significant development, Nestlà © soon became a multinational industry for the reputation in providing the high-quality condensed milk. Obviously, Nestlà © continued its succeed by a step into the chocolate industry. Although in 1875 Henri decided to sell the company to his three local businessmen in Vevey but the name has been maintained till now. They hired skilled staff to expand their business. Later in 1904, Nestlà © chocolate was first introduced to the market to compete with chocolate bar Hershey. In 1905, Nestlà © ventured on a merger with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk company to form a dynamic and potential enterprise. During 1906, Aust ralia has become the second largest export market for Nestlà © and served by a huge system of retailers and sales agents. Kit Kat, After Eight and Smartie respectively added to its portfolio. Australias head office became the headquarter of Oceania Region, which includes New Zealand, Australia and Pacific Island in 1999 and its now the chief executive officer is Trevor Clayton. Company Operations Nestle is a preferred trademark in Australia due to its variety brands and the ability of satisfying kinds of customer. Based on the Australians consumption needs, its products are categorized into 10 groups: Drinks, Coffee Products, Breakfast Cereals, Chocolate Confectionery Products, Snacks Muesli Bars, Medicated Lozenges, Recipe Bases Sauces, Noodles, Baking Ingredients and Cooking Milks. According to the Aus Food News that Nestlà ©s chocolate products have been ranked at the second position after Cadbury of the top 15 chocolate bars in Australia. Nestlà ©s products are now nationwide selling through the outlets. Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Island are parts of the Oceania region. The Nestle Oceania is the workplace of more than 5,000 employees within over 70 factories, offices and the distribution centers placed across the region. Until now, Nestle has totally 447 factories in 86 countries around the world with appropriately 330,000 employees. Products are being sold in 196 countries and become the worlds leader company in nutrition, health, and wellness with an unmatched portfolio of more than 2,000 global and local brands. Nestlà © meets the customers need by launching various brands of chocolates includes Kit Kat, Aero, Smarties, Crunch and Nestlà ©. Customers always have many choices with Nestlà ©s chocolate as the various shapes, sizes and tastes such as Kit Kat The pie chart below showed the market share of Australia Nestlà ©s Chocolate bars with others competitors in 2015: The line chart of the market growth of Australia Nestlà ©s Chocolate bars from 2011-2013 Companys mission statement Nestlà © isthe worlds leading nutrition, health, and wellness company. Our mission of Good Food, Good Life is to provide consumers with the best tasting, most nutritious choices in a wide range of food and beverage categories and eating occasions, from morning to night. The mission statement of Nestle is quite good. This is a customer-oriented mission since it concentrates on the consumers need not the sales. It is not too long but not too short and it has a clear content which is easy to understand. The mission statement describes that Nestle and its staff have always focused on their quality because they want to give the best as well as the most healthy, nutritious choices to their consumers to contribute their life condition. Nestle enhances itself by the ability providing the enjoyment of food and beverages which reveal that they give people the reason to spend money. However, the customers couldnt completely trust Nestle as far as it points out the implementation plan. Additionally, it is unable to see any core value of the company in the statement such as teamwork, integrity or commitment. Despite the big company, Nestle cannot stand apart from its competitors until it has a comprehensively distinct mission statement. SWOT Analysis Strengths Product diversity Nestle has run a huge number of popular brands until now. The company manages to supply diverse type of food and drinks in order to fit the global market environment also to satisfy their buyers requirement. Obviously, this strength not only impulses the companys revenue but significantly spread their reputation worldwide so as to maintain their loyal customers and introduce to the new ones. Strongly focus on researcher and development The Nestle Researcher and Development (RD) were established to aim at innovating and guarantying the quality as well as the safety of every product. Researchers in the company understand that food can affect and impact human lives; therefore Nestlà © believes that its responsibility is to make effort in seeking a solution to create the more nutritious and healthier food to serve billions of families or individuals all over the world. To facilitate researching, Nestle has 3 Science Researcher centers and 31 Product Technology Centres and RD centers worldwide with about over 5,000 employees includes nutritionists, dietitians and workers. Their attempts are worth to receive the trustworthy from customers choice selection. Weakness Less ability to provide consistent quality in food products Customers have been warned about the food contamination and poor qualities supplies from Nestle and the risk of cancer when using Nestle Milk. Although they are all rumours without any evidence, the image of the company might be negatively affected the consumption and quantity of consumers. Opportunities Acquisitions and mergers Nestle is now owning a broad range of well-being products which bring them much profit annually. This money can give them opportunity to acquire more start-ups to keep expanding their trademark around the world. By this way, they are not only earning but also creating new products with minimal monetary cost. Furthermore, Nestle might be given chances to co-operate with other brands which have reputation such as Coca-Cola in 2001, the Coca-Cola Company and Nestle S.A announced their joint venture to tap a sharp growth of beverage segments. Strong researcher development Nestle has a great and strong team about researching and developing. It is advantage because they can help Nestle to launch more new products in future and expand the market in places even the places with the hard condition, for example Africa in 2016, they found that the Africans had too few healthy red blood cells which transport oxygen around the body in other terms is iron deficiency. Thus, Nestle decided to tackle the problem by adding relevant ingredients which can help them into their most popular products Maggi bouillon Demand healthier food People have trend to choose the best things for themself and their families especially food which is the most crucial and indispensable thing in daily life. Healthy food definitely has great intensity of buying and consuming. The mission of Nestle is to try their best provide the consistently healthy and nutritious food in response to the demand from customers. Threats Food safety    The company has to take legal responsibility if there is any problem happens which is related to food safety. Therefore, Nestle must be careful in the producing process even the smallest point. In such an event, the company might be forced to issue product recall and waring, which may devastate the companys reputation. Rising raw food price With regard to the growth of global economics, the value of raw materials is rising regularly. Nestle will have to face with the situation that they are forced to increase their prices but it maybe resulted in a decrease in consumption while they will suffer capital loss if they keep the price at same stage.

Inclusion: Beyond Special Needs Essay -- Educational Issues

Inclusion in education is an approach to educating students with special educational needs; under this model students with special needs spend most or all of their time with non-disabled students. Evidence from the last decade reveals that segregation of special needs students, as opposed to spending time with non-disabled students, is actually damaging to them both academically and socially. Segregating students placed in the special education category is a trend that has been vastly common in public schools, but in the last few years inclusion in general education settings is becoming a more credible option. Placing students in an inclusive classroom is effective in positively adjusting not only their academic performance, but also social and developmental skills needed throughout life. Despite concerns of successfulness and outlook, the inclusion of special needs students in general education classrooms within the public school arena proves to be beneficial for all aspects of edu cation. In contrast to the beneficial validities of inclusive education, there are also particular disputed concerns that are occasionally brought to light and require attention in inclusive classrooms. â€Å"Despite a move toward inclusion being the most significant trend across†¦countries†¦the academic consequences of educating students with special needs in inclusive rather than separate settings remain contested† (Canadian Council on Learning 2). One of the leading worries being noticed because of this growing trend is generally how attention will be divided in the classrooms among all types of learners. â€Å"The growing demand for inclusive practices within mainstream schools has resulted in classroom teachers having to take direct responsibility for the ... ....† British Journal of Special Education 33.2 (2006): 76-81. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Feb. 2012 Roffman, Leslie, Todd Wanerman, and Cassandra Britton. Including One, Including All: A Guide to Relationship-Based Early Childhood Inclusion. St. Paul: Redleaf Press, 2011. 8. Print. Roffman, Leslie, Todd Wanerman, and Cassandra Britton. Including One, Including All: A Guide to Relationship-Based Early Childhood Inclusion. St. Paul: Redleaf Press, 2011. 9. Print. Schulz-Hamsa, Irene. Inclusion and Technology: A Marriage of Convenience for Educational Leaders. 1998. ERIC. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. Yuen, Mantak, Westwood, and Wong. â€Å"Meeting the Needs of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties in the Mainstream Education System: Data From Primary School Teachers in Hong Kong.† International Journal of Special Education 20.1 (2005): 67-68 ERIC. Web. 27 Feb. 2012.

Attitudes about Witchcraft

Demonic glares, cackling laughs, pointy hats, curling claw-like fingernails, warts perched on their noses, pale sickly skin that contrasts to their black or deep purple clothing: this is the typical description of what most witches are perceived as today. Witchcraft officially began in England In the mid sass's. Christianity was the dominant religion at this time In England. To be a witch, one had to sign a pact with the devil, often to worship him, which was heresy and meant damnation.As society came more literate, increasing numbers of books and tracts fueled the witch fears. The Mallets Molecular, written by Kramer and Springer, was one of the most Influential books used by secular witch-hunting courts. Thousands of people (primarily women) were Judicially murdered as a result of the procedures described In this book, for no reason than a strange birthmark, cultivation of medicinal herbs, or simply because they were falsely accused (often for financial gain by the accuser).The Mal lets Maleficent serves as a horrible warning about what happens when intolerance takes over a society. During the Reformation, from 1500 to 1660, Europe saw between 50,000 and 80,000 suspected witches executed, 80% of those killed were women. One of these women was Isabel Goodie, who admitted to transmuting herself into a hare and confessed involvement with the Devil for 15 years. In the sass's, witch-hunting, after a major outbreak in France, began to decrease.England executed its last witch in 1682 and the world was changing along with new ideals brought about by the Enlightenment. It wasn't until the 19th century that people Egan to see witches as healers. In Year of Wonders, the outbreak of deaths is blamed on a widow, Me Goodie, and her niece, Nays Goodie, who are the village's herbalists and midwives. To test Me Goodie for being a witch, they throw her into a flooded mine shaft.Once she drowns, they immediately begin to repent and call themselves murderers. Her niece is summon ed from the village, and being more practical and skilled in medicine understands the situation, and immediately tries to revive her. After three breaths, Me awakens, and Nays, having raised the dead, is ragged away and asked to confess to her consort with the devil, and in attempting to distract the mob, she confesses and accuses the questioners of having themselves cuckolded by the devil.Her ploy causes great confusion and furthers their hysteria, but does not work ? she is lynched moments before Rector Employing appears. Today, witches are viewed as both good and bad, one prime example being the Wizard of Oz (the wicked witch of the west and the good witch of the north), but they have left a significant mark on history and this period will be remembered wrought the ages. Attitudes about Witchcraft By federally Witchcraft officially began in England in the mid sass's.Christianity was the dominant religion at this time in England. To be a witch, one had to sign a pact with The Mall ets Maleficent, written by Kramer and Springer, was one of the most influential books used by secular witch-hunting courts. Thousands of people in this book, for no reason than a strange birthmark, cultivation of medicinal herbs, or but does not work ? she is lynched moments before Rector Implosion appears.

Understanding the Flynn Effect and Why It Happens

Understanding the Flynn Effect and Why It Happens You’ve probably heard someone lament the state of â€Å"kids today†: that current generations aren’t as smart as the ones that came before them. However, psychologists who study intelligence have found that there isn’t much support for this idea; instead, the opposite may actually be true. Researchers studying the Flynn effect have found that scores on IQ tests have actually improved over time. Below, we’ll review what the Flynn effect is, some possible explanations for it, and what it tells us about human intelligence. What Is the Flynn effect? The Flynn effect, first described  in the 1980s by researcher James Flynn, refers to the finding that scores on IQ tests have increased in the past century.  Researchers studying this effect have found wide support for this phenomenon. One research paper, published by psychologist Lisa Trahan and her colleagues, combined the results of other published studies (which included a total of over 14,000 participants) and found that IQ scores have indeed increased since the 1950s. Although researchers have documented some exceptions, IQ scores have generally increased over time. Trahan and her colleagues observed, â€Å"The existence of the Flynn effect is rarely disputed.† Why Does the Flynn Effect Happen? Researchers have put forward several theories to explain the Flynn effect. One explanation has to do with improvements in health and nutrition. For example, the past century has seen a decrease in  smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy, discontinuation of the use of harmful lead paint, improvements in the prevention and treatment of  infectious diseases, and improvements in nutrition. As Scott Barry Kaufman writes for Psychology Today, â€Å"The Flynn effect serves as a reminder that when we give people more opportunities to prosper, more people do prosper.† In other words, the Flynn effect could be partially due to the fact that, over the twentieth century, we’ve started addressing many of the public health issues that prevented people in earlier generations from reaching their full potential. Another explanation for the Flynn effect has to do with societal changes that have occurred in the past century as a result of the Industrial Revolution. In a TED talk, Flynn explains that the world today is â€Å"a world where weve had to develop new mental habits, new habits of mind.† Flynn has found that IQ scores have increased the most rapidly on questions that ask us to find similarities between different things, and more abstract types of problem solving - both of which are things that we need to do more of in the modern world. Several ideas have been put forward to explain why modern society might lead to higher scores on IQ tests. For example, today, many more of us have demanding, intellectually rigorous jobs. Schools have also changed: whereas a test at school in the early 1900s might have been more focused on memorization, a recent test might be more likely to focus on explaining the reasons for something. Additionally, more people today are likely to finish high school and go on to college. Family sizes tend to be smaller, and it has been suggested that this may allow children to pick up on new vocabulary words while interacting with their parents. It’s even been suggested that the entertainment we consume is more complex today. Trying to understand and anticipate plot points in a favorite book or TV drama may actually be making us smarter. What Can We Learn From Studying the Flynn Effect? The Flynn effect tells us that the human mind is much more adaptable and malleable than we might have thought. It seems that some of our thinking patterns aren’t necessarily innate, but rather things that we learn from our environment.  When exposed to modern industrial society, we think about the world in different ways than our ancestors did. When discussing the Flynn effect in The New Yorker, Malcolm Gladwell writes, â€Å"If whatever the thing is that I.Q. tests measure can jump so much in a generation, it can’t be all that immutable and it doesn’t look all that innate.† In other words, the Flynn effect tells us that IQ may not actually be what we think it is: instead of being a measure of natural, unlearned  intelligence, it’s something that can be shaped by the education we receive and the society we live in. References: Flynn, J. (2013, March). Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents’. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/james_flynn_why_our_iq_levels_are_higher_than_our_grandparentsGambino, M. (2012, December 3). Are you smarter than your grandfather? Probably not. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/are-you-smarter-than-your-grandfather-probably-not-150402883/Gladwell, M. (2007, December 17). None of the above. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/12/17/none-of-the-aboveKaufman, S.B. (2010, August 23). The Flynn effect and IQ disparities among races, ethnicities, and nations: Are there common links? Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beautiful-minds/201008/the-flynn-effect-and-iq-disparities-among-races-ethnicities-and-nationsLehrer, J. (2011, August 2). Are smart people getting smarter? Wired. https://www.wired.com/2011/08/are-smart-people-getting-smarter/Trahan, L. H., Stuebing, K. K., Fletcher, J. M., Hiscock, M. (2014). The Flynn effect: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(5), 1332-1360. doi:10.1037/a0037173. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4152423/ Winerman, L. (2013, March). Smarter than ever? Monitor on Psychology, 44(3), 30. apa.org/monitor/2013/03/smarter.aspx

Research Paper Topics You Should Avoid in Future

Research Paper Topics You Should Avoid in Future Research Paper Topics to Avoid Choosing a topic for writing a research paper is usually quite hard, but there are some peculiarities which will help you to avoid bad research topics. While selecting your topic, youre focused on whether it is interesting for you and informative for an audience, however, some topics should be avoided. For instance: Personal information and stories Topics with a lack of approachable information Too narrow topics Too broad topics Controversial topics Personal information and stories You cannot write a research paper based on your own biography or stories from your life unless youre famous, or unless you have at least one book written about you. A research paper requires you to do a research, which means that there should be some sources available to use in order to do it properly. Topics with a lack of approachable information Just the same as with topics about yourself, you cannot write a topic without any available materials. If you choose something too specific (e.g. color of Albert Einsteins socks or what he ate for breakfast) you probably are going to be stuck because of lack or even non-existence of information Too narrow topics Still the same issue. You dont want to pick a topic which is hard or even impossible to write just because its too narrow. You can easily write about volcanoes as a future source of energy, but it will be much harder to write about how deep Vesuvius is and why it is so because it is way too specific. Too broad topics Sometimes, you are drowning in information about your subject, but cannot write anything. Familiar? Thats because there is too much information around, and its hard to distinguish the most important. Free-enterprise system would be a nice topic to pick as a counter to writing about economy in general. Economy is something general and includes a lot of different information and notions to write about. Controversial Topics Some topics can offend someones feelings, so you should be extremely accurate in picking the right one. For instance, college students are afraid to write about death penalty or abortions, because it may hurt somebody. Nevertheless, its okay to pick a controversial topic, if you are 100% sure that its not going to offend anybody. You cant just explain your points of view in your research paper, especially if they are controversial. Support your essay with some research and data and the reader would understand its value, even if their view doesnt match with one in a research paper.

African American Culture Reflection Response Essay

African American Culture Reflection Response - Essay Example African American culture has been growing independently from the standard American culture given craving of African American to hone their traditions, and additionally the racial isolation determination in America. As a result, African American culture has turn out to be a critical piece of American society, though then, for a certain period, it will be an unmistakable culture, which can be separated from it. One of the examples that can be used to understand African American Culture is naming; how they use to name people. African American culture considers names to be regularly have some connection with the same dialect group as other mainstream names found in American culture. The act of embracing neo-African or Islamic names did not pick up prevalence in anticipation of the Civil Rights period. This wilk be the last period. Endeavors to recoup African legacy roused determination of names with more profound social importance. Preceding this, the use of African names, which for two reasons, it was not considered to be pragmatic. First, some African Americans were a few eras expelled from the final predecessor to posses an African name. Moreover, African American practiced naming, which originates before the invention of African names. While trying to come up with their particular names, African American parents’ growth (regarding numbers), beginning in the post-World War II period, started making new names given sounds they discovered satisfying, for example, Marquon, DaShawn, LaTasha, or Shandra.

Literature Review of Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy Dissertation

Literature Review of Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy - Dissertation Example The global economy is confronting with an earning conflict because of excessive managerial remuneration in major enterprises throughout the world. To investigate on the perpetrators of economic recession, the high managerial pay and extreme risk taking activities were cited as prime suspects. Among the two issues, the managerial pay leads to the primary focus and incited many public as well as political outrages. For instance, the insurance major named AIG was nearly shattered because of bad business performance and abundant remuneration scales. It was seen that AIG had paid almost 165 million USD of bonus amount to 400 employees in London. In Wall Street, the bankers gave themselves almost 20 billion USD as bonus in the year 2008 even when the economy was decelerating down. The government also expended huge money to assist the financial institutions. It was alleged that this type of ignorance for the expenditure and the outcomes of the managers’ actions have generated the eco nomic crisis. The ethnicity, customs, spawned managerial remuneration plan with incentive that promote the unnecessary risk taking had given light to the economic crisis. The laws and regulations along with corporate boards were highly criticized for autonomous management of organizations. (Thompson, 2009). Excessive Managerial Remuneration in the USA Several reports stated that excessive managerial remuneration in the USA has taken overwhelming economic levy in American society and intimidated the control in corporate sector, government and nonprofit area and created volatility in the economy. It has been observed that average employees in the USA need to work hard for a whole year to generate one day’s salary of most of the CEOs listed in the Fortune 500’. The gap between the lowest and maximum salary was extending. This salary inequality has endangered the basis of the USA democracy, management, and produced situation for financial instability. According to the repo rt of ‘United for a Fair Economy’ (UFE), the CEOs in the big companies get almost 10.8 million USD as total remuneration, which is 364 times higher compared to the average American employees. The amount excludes the cost of bonuses and stocks and if included the amount will increase to a